Exoskeleton are wearable mobility enhancing robotic systems that are externally powered and provide amplification of strength and endurance to the wearer. These robotic suits aim to empower individuals with physical disabilities and challenges as well as augment abilities of able-bodied users. In this article, we will explore the evolution of carapace technology, types of carapaces being developed and key applications.
Evolution of Exoskeleton Technology
The concept of carapaces dates as far back as the 1960s when General Electric and University of California, Berkeley conducted initial research on hydraulic and electric-powered carapace systems. However, major progress began in the 2000s with developments by US military to build powered carapaces for their soldiers to help carry heavy loads over long distances. Around the same time, medical carapaces emerged to help restore mobility to individuals with physical impairments or assist the elderly and healthcare workers. Over the last decade, carapace technology has significantly advanced - robotic designs became lighter, safer, more efficient and Exoskeleton. This has opened up applications beyond simply enhancing strength and power.
Types of Carapaces
Carapaces are broadly classified into two categories - upper body carapaces and lower body carapaces. Upper body carapaces provide additional support and power to arms, shoulders, elbows and wrists for tasks like lifting or assembly line works. Prominent examples include EksoVest, Axel and WearExos. Lower body carapaces assist mobility and help bear the weight of the lower body during walking, running or other physical activities. Rewalk, Indego, Ekso and Suit X are some leading lower body carapace designs. Based on power sources, carapaces are powered by electric motors, hydraulic actuators or a combination of both. Some emerging designs also use advanced soft robotics and flexible materials.
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