What is HCG?
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is a hormone produced during pregnancy. It is made by the placenta after implantation and its main function is to support the early development of the fetus. HCG levels are often measured by pregnancy tests which can detect it within a few days of conception.
Functions of HCG
The various functions of HCG include:
1. Maintenance of the Corpus Luteum:
The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure that forms after ovulation from the ruptured ovarian follicle. It produces progesterone to prepare the uterus for pregnancy. HCG signals the corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone during early pregnancy. Without Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), the corpus luteum would regress after 14 days causing withdrawals of progesterone and menstrual period.
2. Promotion of Fetal Development:
By maintaining the function of the corpus luteum, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) ensures adequate progesterone levels in the mother's body which is vital for fetal development in the first trimester. Progesterone promotes thickening of the uterine lining to support implantation. It also relaxes the uterine muscles to accommodate the growing fetus.
3. Placental Development:
HCG plays an important role in establishing the placenta by inducing vascularization and stimulating placental lactogen production. This helps with the effective exchange of nutrients and waste between mother and fetus. HCG also allows placental tissue to grow and take over progesterone production from the corpus luteum.
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