Electric vehicles rely on power inverters to convert the DC power supplied by the battery into the AC power required to run the electric motor. Power inverters play a critical role in enabling electric vehicle propulsion. Without efficient power inverters, electric vehicles would not be able to achieve sufficient range and performance.
Types of Power Inverters for Electric Vehicles
There are mainly two types of power inverters used in electric vehicles - traction inverters and on-board chargers. Traction inverters are used to power the electric motor that drives the wheels. On-board chargers convert AC power from chargers into DC power that can charge the vehicle's battery.
Traction inverters come in single or multiple modules depending on the power requirement. Low power vehicles may use a single inverter module while high power vehicles use multiple inverter modules connected in parallel to handle higher loads. On-board chargers are typically smaller and lower power compared to traction inverters as their main function is battery charging rather than propulsion.
Key Components of an Electric Vehicle Power Inverter
Regardless of the specific type, all Electric Vehicle Power Inverter share some basic components. They consist of an input filter to clean the input power, IGBT transistors or MOSFETs that act as electronic switches to convert DC to AC, driver circuitry to control the switching of transistors, and an output filter to clean the converted AC power.
The input filter removes high frequency noise and ripples from the incoming DC power. The transistors perform the vital switching function at incredibly high frequencies between 50-20,000 Hz depending on the vehicle specifications. Driver circuits precisely time the on-off switching of transistors based on control signals. Output filters minimize voltage ripples and electromagnetic interference in the converted AC power.
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