Bees use bee glue to seal small cracks and holes in their hives, smooth out the internal walls and generally protect the hive from intruders. The substance is sticky and malleable when fresh, but hardens into a dark resin when exposed to air. The chemical composition of bee glue varies depending on the type of plants available to the bees in a particular region, but it typically contains resin, wax, essential oils, pollen and other organic compounds.
Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties
Scientific studies have found bee glue to have strong antibacterial and antifungal properties. Tests show it can inhibit the growth of many harmful or pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It also displays antifungal activity against Candida albicans and other yeasts and molds. The chemical compounds believed responsible for these antimicrobial effects include flavonoids, aromatic acids, esters and polyphenolic compounds like caffeic acid and galangin. Due to its broad-spectrum activity, bee glue may help treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Healing and Wound Care
The antimicrobial properties of bee glue make it well-suited Propolis for wound care and healing. Studies show it can accelerate the healing process of wounds, burns and skin ulcers. When applied topically, bee glue appears to prevent bacterial/fungal infection of wounds while promoting new tissue growth and repair. It may reduce pain and swelling as well. Bee glue extracts are sometimes formulated into creams, ointments and sprays to treat minor cuts, scrapes and skin irritations. Some research also indicates it may help heal oral/dental wounds and mucositis.
Antiviral Effects
While more research is still needed, some evidence suggests bee glue may exhibit antiviral activity against certain viruses as well. In-vitro tests show it inhibits viruses like herpes simplex virus 1 2, influenza A virus, adenovirus, and hepatitis B and C viruses. Compounds like caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) found in bee glue are believed responsible for interrupting viral replication and infectivity. This could make bee glue a potential natural treatment or preventative against viral infections.
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