For decades, kerosene has played a central role in heating homes across the United Kingdom, especially in rural areas where access to mains gas is limited. Despite the rise of renewable energy and modern electric heating systems, kerosene remains one of the most reliable, cost-effective, and efficient fuels used in domestic heating today. Whether you already heat your home with kerosene or are considering switching to it, this comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know—from fuel types and safety to efficiency tips and maintenance.
What Is Kerosene and Why Is It Popular in the UK?
Kerosene, also known as paraffin, heating oil, or 28-second oil in the UK, is a refined petroleum product widely used for burning in boilers and cookers. It stands out from other heating fuels because of its:
High energy output: Kerosene delivers significant heat per litre compared to other alternatives.
Clean burn: When used in modern boilers, it burns cleanly with fewer emissions.
Stable supply: It is widely available across the UK, even in remote areas.
Cost efficiency: Historically, kerosene has been one of the most budget-friendly heating fuels.
In short, kerosene has endured because it offers a practical balance of performance, economy, and convenience.
Types of Kerosene Used for Home Heating
In the United Kingdom, home heating generally relies on two types of kerosene:
1. Standard Kerosene (Class C2 / 28-second oil)
This is the traditional and most commonly used type. It’s suitable for nearly all domestic boilers and pressure-jet burners. Standard kerosene is known for its smooth combustion and reliable performance, even in colder temperatures.
2. Premium Kerosene (Often marketed as “Super Heat” or “Premium Heating Oil”)
Premium kerosene contains added performance enhancers such as:
Anti-freeze agents
Detergents to reduce deposit build-up
Stabilising additives to extend shelf life
This type is ideal for modern condensing boilers. It can improve boiler efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and minimise soot formation. While slightly more expensive, many homeowners find the long-term savings worthwhile.
How Kerosene Home Heating Works
Kerosene-powered heating systems typically follow this process:
Fuel Delivery – Kerosene is delivered by tanker to your home and stored in an external oil tank.
Fuel Transfer – The boiler draws small quantities of kerosene from the tank via a feed pipe.
Combustion – Inside the boiler, kerosene is vaporised and ignited to produce consistent, high-temperature heat.
Heat Distribution – The boiler transfers heat to water, which circulates through radiators or underfloor systems, warming the entire home.
Control System – Thermostats regulate temperature automatically to maintain comfort and improve efficiency.
This simplicity is part of the reason kerosene systems remain reliable for decades with proper care.
Advantages of Using Kerosene for Home Heating
1. Reliable in Cold Weather
Unlike some fuels that sludge or thicken in low temperatures, kerosene maintains stable flow. This makes it excellent for UK winters, particularly in exposed and rural regions.
2. High Efficiency
Modern kerosene boilers achieve energy efficiencies of up to 92%+, ensuring more heat is converted directly from fuel consumption.
3. Lower Maintenance
When using clean-burning kerosene—especially premium types—your boiler requires less frequent servicing, as deposits and soot are reduced.
4. Readily Available Nationwide
From Scotland’s Highlands to Cornwall’s coastal villages, kerosene is widely stocked by local fuel suppliers.
5. Long-Term Storage
Kerosene can be stored safely for months or even years when kept in a clean, watertight, and well-maintained tank.
Safety Tips for Using Kerosene in the Home
While kerosene is considered safe, good practice is essential:
Store in a Suitable Tank
Your tank should be:
Weatherproof
Made from steel or durable plastic
Positioned on a stable base
Protected from accidental impact
Modern bunded tanks offer an extra containment layer, providing better environmental protection.
Avoid Mixing Fuels
Never mix kerosene with diesel, gas oil, or other fuels. This can damage the boiler, reduce efficiency, and lead to dangerous malfunctions.
Use a Carbon Monoxide Alarm
All fuel-burning systems should be paired with a CO alarm for household safety.
Regular Boiler Servicing
Have a qualified OFTEC technician inspect and service the system annually. This ensures:
Safe combustion
Optimal fuel efficiency
Reduced emissions
Longer boiler life
Tips for Improving Kerosene Efficiency and Reducing Heating Costs
1. Insulate Your Home
A well-insulated property requires less heating. Focus on:
Roof insulation
Wall cavity insulation
Draught-proofing
Double glazing
2. Choose Premium Kerosene
While slightly more expensive upfront, premium kerosene reduces sludge, enhances burn quality, and improves boiler performance.
3. Use Smart Thermostats
Smart heating controls allow you to:
Set heating schedules
Monitor usage
Reduce unnecessary heating
Control your boiler remotely
4. Keep the Tank Clean
Sediment build-up can clog filters, making your system work harder. An occasional tank clean or filter replacement ensures smooth fuel flow.
5. Buy Fuel During Off-Peak Seasons
Historically, prices dip during summer months. Stocking up early often means better savings.
Environmental Considerations
While kerosene is a fossil fuel, modern boilers and premium fuel blends help reduce emissions. For homeowners exploring greener paths, kerosene systems can sometimes be adapted to work alongside renewable solutions such as:
Solar thermal panels
Biomass heating
Heat pumps
Hybrid systems can lower dependence on kerosene while maintaining comfort and reliability.
Is Kerosene Right for Your Home?
Kerosene remains a practical and popular choice for many UK households—particularly those off the gas grid. Its steady supply, reliability, and efficiency make it an appealing fuel for long, cold winters. With proper maintenance, smart controls, and high-quality fuel, a kerosene heating system can offer both comfort and cost-effectiveness for many years.
