Comprehensive Guide to Depression: Symptoms, Subtypes, and Treatment Options


Depression is one of the most common and complex mental health conditions affecting people in New Jersey and across the globe. It impacts how you think, feel, and function affecting relationships, work, sleep, and overall quality of life. But depression isn’t a single, uniform condition.

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At HWS Center, we understand that every person’s experience with depression is unique. That’s why we offer tailored, evidence-based treatment plans designed to meet the specific needs of everyone. Here’s what you need to know about the various types of depression and how we can help.

 

1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Also known as clinical depression, MDD is characterized by a persistently low mood, loss of interest or pleasure in everyday activities, fatigue, and changes in appetite or sleep. If left untreated, it can be debilitating.

 

According to the New Jersey Bureau of Statistics, 7.5% of New Jersians aged 16–85 experienced a depressive episode in the past year women more often than men.

 

MDD episodes last for at least two weeks but can continue for months. Treatment options may include medication, psychological therapy, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which is available at HWS Center.

 

2. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

This chronic form of depression lasts for at least two years. While symptoms may be milder than MDD, their ongoing nature can deeply affect day-to-day life.

 

People with dysthymia often describe feeling “down” or “not quite right” for long stretches of time, which can lead to it being overlooked or misdiagnosed.

 

Treatment typically involves psychotherapy, long-term support, and lifestyle changes. Consistent care from psychologists and psychiatrists can make a lasting difference.

 

3. Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder involves cycles of depression and mania (or hypomania). During depressive episodes, individuals experience symptoms like MDD. During manic phases, they may feel euphoric, energetic, or impulsive.

 

Roughly 1.8% of New Jersians aged 16–85 is affected by bipolar disorder.

 

Proper diagnosis is essential, as treatments differ from those for unipolar depression. Management may include mood stabilizers, antipsychotic medication, and coordinated care from a mental health team.

 

4. Postnatal Depression (PND)

PND affects about 1 in 7 women who give birth in New Jersey and can also impact non-birthing partners. It goes beyond “baby blues,” with symptoms like sadness, guilt, irritability, and detachment from the baby.

 

Early intervention is key. At HWS Center, we offer support pathways tailored to new parents, including therapy, medication, and lifestyle coaching.

 

5. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

SAD is linked to changes in seasons, typically emerging during winter when daylight is limited. Symptoms include low energy, mood swings, and social withdrawal.

 

Although it is more common in colder regions, some New Jersians particularly in southern states can still experience SAD.

 

Light therapy, psychological support, and medication are effective treatments. Our team provides tailored care for those with seasonal mood challenges.

 

6. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

PMDD is a severe form of PMS, marked by intense mood swings, depression, anxiety, and irritability before menstruation. It affects about 3–8% of women of reproductive age.

 

Treatment may involve hormonal therapy, antidepressants, counselling, and nutrition-focused interventions. Though often underdiagnosed, PMDD can be effectively managed with the right support.

 

7. Situational Depression (adjustment disorder)

Triggered by major life changes like job loss, divorce, or bereavement situational depression shares symptoms with MDD but is linked to a specific event.

 

It often resolves with time and support. Psychological therapy, especially when guided by trauma-informed professionals, is the most effective form of treatment.

 

8. Atypical Depression

This subtype includes symptoms like increased appetite, excessive sleep, and temporary mood lifts in response to positive events. Despite the name, atypical depression is more common than you might think.

 

Treatment can involve specific antidepressants and behavioral therapies that are more effective for this pattern of symptoms.

 

9. Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD)

About one-third of people with depression don’t respond to standard treatments such as antidepressants. This is known as TRD.

At HWS Center, we offer advanced options like rTMS, Deep TMS (dTMS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to help those who haven’t found relief with traditional methods.

 

When to Seek Help

Depression presents differently in everyone. If you or someone you care about has been experiencing persistent mood changes, loss of energy, or shifts in thinking or behavior for more than two weeks, it’s time to seek professional support.

 

At HWS Center, we provide:
• Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
• Deep TMS (dTMS) for OCD and TRD
• Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
• Psychiatry and medication management
• Psychological therapy and counselling

 

With a GP referral and a valid Mental Health Care Plan, you can access many of our services, including TMS therapy for depression. If you're searching for TMS Treatment For Depression Near Me, HWS Center offers advanced, non-invasive options close to home. We also proudly serve patients seeking New Jersey Depression Treatment, with personalized care tailored to each individual’s needs.

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